Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Quiz Answers

Get All Weeks Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Quiz Answers

Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Week 01 Coursera Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 1?

Q1. As seen in this MOOC, cities can be studied from different perspectives, and as different types of systems, which can be…

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Social systems

Q2. What are the main layers that are used to conceptualize urban systems in this block?

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Infrastructure layer

Economic layer

Service layer

Q3. What are the three key metrics used in this course to characterize the performance of urban infrastructure systems?

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1.Sustainability
2.Efficiency
3.Resilience

Q4. As seen in this block, how does the conceptualization of smart cities differ from the traditional conceptualization of urban systems?

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By the addition of a data layer

Q5. Which of the following components enables the development of the data layer for Smart Cities?

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Telecommunications infrastructure

Q6. Which of the following definitions best describes digitalization?

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The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into most aspects of everyday life through the use of new and legacy telecommunication infrastructures and networks

Q7. Which option best describes how digitalization is being used to improve value chains?

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Value chains can be closely monitored by customers and managers by being mirrored in the digital layer.

Q8. Which of the following options are not examples of digitalization?

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Electric vehicles

Wind turbines

Q9. According to this MOOC, what are the two main visions for implementing a smart city?

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Users as consumers: In this view, vendors lead the transition, and the smart city is built to increase profits.

Users as citizens: In this view, the public sector leads the transition, and the city is built to serve the citizens.

Q10. A Socio-Technical system can be defined as…

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A system in which people and technology, including infrastructures, interact in a reciprocal relationship within an environment.

Q11. Which of the following smart city visions relies on a technology-push approach?

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The Vendor Vision

Q12. One of the key disruptions caused by digitalization relates to the fact that the value chain information mirrored in the data layer can be used to improve the layer or create new services and business models that allow companies to find new ways to profit. True or false?

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True

Q13. Smart cities can be seen from a…

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technological perspective

Q14. According to this MOOC, how does digitalization affect non-scalable industries, such as the taxi industry?

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It allows them to develop new business models on which to capitalize

Q15. According to the lectures, which of the following statements is more accurate about the impact of digitalization on the management of cities as socio-technical systems?

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It enables cities to cope with the high complexity and interdependency that characterize urban systems.

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 2?

Q1. According to this MOOC, what are the three main drivers of the transition towards smart urban energy systems?

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1.Decentralized generation
2.Climate change
3.Digitalization

Q2. What percentage of global primary energy is consumed in cities?

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75%

Q3. According to this MOOC, which key elements drive the smart urban energy transition?

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Alternative urban energy sources

Energy efficiency

Off and semi-off-grid operations

New storage technologies

Q4. According to this MOOC, which of the following actors is not involved in the operation of smart urban energy systems?

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Electric vehicle manufacturers

Q5. Which option best defines price signals?

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The information given to consumers through pricing signals shifts in supply and demand

Q6. Which of the following actors is the least involved in the management of smart urban energy systems?

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Engineering companies active in the construction of power plants

Q7. According to this MOOC, who are the main smart energy service customers?

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Commerce & industry

Households

Q8. Which of the following options best describes smart energy balancing?

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The use of ICTs to optimize the balancing of supply and demand, almost in real-time

Q9. According to this MOOC, who are the customers of demand-side management services?

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1.Buildings
2.Households
3.Commerce & industry

Q10. What are the main challenges for urban managers in the infrastructure layer?

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Allocating the costs of a smart urban energy system

Managing intermittency and grid stability

Q11. Which of the following is not one of the main smart urban energy system challenges for policymakers in the data layer?

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Deciding whether to define data as a good or platform

Q12. From a social perspective, what are the main challenges for policymakers

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1.Defining universal service obligations
2.Regulating privacy issues

Q13. Which of the following is a target customer for smart balancing services?

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Industries

Buildings

Households

Q14. According to this MOOC, what are the three main kinds of smart urban energy services?

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1.Demand side management
2.Contract enforcement
3.Smart balancing

Q15. Which of the following is not an example of smart and integrated energy services?

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Using the data layer to provide services that enhance electric mobility

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 3?

Q1. By the year 2050, what is the rate of urbanization expected to be worldwide?

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66%

Q2. Which of the following statements is more accurate?

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At first, cars made transportation in cities more efficient. But eventually, they became counterproductive and lowered efficiencies.

Q3. What percentage of global CO2 emissions originate from the urban transportation sector?

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15 to 20%

Q4. Digitalization is leading transportation systems to a change in paradigm characterized by a shift…

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from car ownership to mobility users & from transportation to mobility.

Q5. According to this MOOC, what are the two pathways of transition towards smart urban transportation systems?

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Improve pathway
Shift pathway

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the two main trends under the improved pathway?

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Monitoring of urban transport infrastructures thanks to ITS

The introduction of self-driving vehicles

The development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

Q7. Which option describes Level 2 of vehicle automation, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation?

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Conditional automation (the driving task is completed by an automated system, but it is expected that the driver will respond appropriately when needed).

Q8. What are two new communication processes that need to be developed in order to ensure the successful introduction of automated vehicles?

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V2I Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with surrounding infrastructures.

V2V Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with surrounding vehicles.

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following are key challenges in the service layer for the successful introduction of automated vehicles?

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Social acceptance of new technologies

Accountability: in case of accidents, who will be held responsible?

Q10. Which of the following options are examples of mobility services that rely on sharing economy processes?

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E-Hailing

Car sharing

Carpooling

Q11. Which of the following statements regarding Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and Integrated Mobility Platforms (IMP) is correct?

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MaaS relies on the idea of periodical subscription mobility packages and different service-level agreements between platform operators and mobility services providers, whereas an IMP relies on the Pay-as-you-go mechanism

Q12. As seen in this block, which of the following is not an example of an emerging business model in the mobility sector?

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Selling vehicles to final customer

Q13. According to this MOOC, which of the following are smart urban mobility challenges in the infrastructure layer for policymakers?

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Financing the physical transportation infrastructure

Interconnecting transport modes

Q14. According to this MOOC, in the Smart Mobility domain, which of the following are challenges for policymakers from a political perspective?

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Regulating competition
Data regulation

Q15. According to this MOOC, in the Smart Mobility domain, which of the following are challenges for urban managers from a technological perspective?

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Data standards and protocols

Interconnection of modes

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 4?

Q1. What are three key factors that exist in most complex systems?

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1.Interdependency
2.Interdependency
3.Path dependency

Q2. Feedback loops are defined as…

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processes using the outputs of a component of a system to serve as input for the same component.

Q3. What should managers and planners avoid to ensure a successful transition towards smart cities?

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Rigidity

Q4. Which of these approaches is necessary to successfully transition towards smart cities, given the complex nature of cities as socio-technical systems?

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1.Long-term perspective
2.Holistic approach
3.Flexibility

Q5. Which of the following factors can be seen as a key driver of the dynamicity of a system?

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Decisions of the actors and the relationship between them

Q6. Which of the following options best describes the S curve?

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A curve that shows the evolution of innovations over time.

Q7. What are the main issues faced when adopting a crowd-sensing approach to data collection?

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Paying attention to the redundancy and reliability of the data collected

Q8. According to this MOOC, which of the following questions pertaining the data layer transition must be addressed by industry stakeholders?

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1.How will the data be priced?
2.Which data standards will be used?
3.Who will own the data?

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following questions pertaining the data layer transition must be addressed by city authorities?

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1.Will there be restrictions on data accessibility?
2.Who will own the data?
3.Where will the data be located?

Q10. What is the right sequencing of questions regarding the definition and development of the data layer, based on the lectures in this block?

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Data storage

Data standards

Data pricing

Q11. According to this MOOC, what is the main requirement to ensure proper identification and access in the data layer?

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Technical interoperability

Q12. According to this MOOC, what are some examples of stakeholders who could already own the data generated in smart cities?

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1.Owners of data-generating devices
2.Telecommunications operators

Q13. When referring to the necessity of a holistic approach in managing the transition in socio-technical systems, which of the below dimensions is of most importance?

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Social

Q14. Why is there a clash between traditional infrastructure regulation and in-development data regulation?

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Because traditional infrastructure regulation is closely linked to the territory while data regulation does not yet have a territorial dimension.

Q15. What is the primary advantage of AI (Artificial Intelligence) for the management of urban systems?

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It enables permanent control loops, that is to say AI-enabled systems can automatically adapt to different situations and minimize human intervention.

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 5?

Q1. According to this MOOC, what are the three main challenges in the service layer to transition towards smart cities?

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1.Quality
2.Service Integration
3.Universal services obligation

Q2. What are the indicators by which the Universal Services Obligations are measured?

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1.Accessibility
2.Quality
3.Affordability

Q3. What are the three questions raised in relation to the affordability of Universal Services Obligations?

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The use of social tariffs

The use of subsidies

Q4. Among the providers for these basic services, competition exists; however, there is a trend towards the concentration of the market shares. This leads the way to monopolies, which could significantly improve service quality. True or false?

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False

Q5. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

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The digital divide does not further exacerbate liability issues.

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the two main alternatives for political priorities when planning a transition towards a smart city?

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1.The development of infrastructure
2.Smart city promotion

Q7. Which of the following statements best describes the digital divide?

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A divide between the parts of the city that have already adopted smart city solutions and the parts that have not yet reached by them

Q8. According to this MOOC, what is the key risk of setting smart city infrastructure development as a political priority?

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When the infrastructure is in place, the smart city may not necessarily follow.

Q9. How can we ensure that the smart city service providers are not cream-skimming the infrastructure?

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By making them re-invest a portion of their profits in the infrastructure layer.

Q10. According to this MOOC, from an environmental perspective, what are the transition challenges for urban managers?

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Deciding how central the environment will be to the

Q11. What are the three steps to roll-out the use of big data analytics in cities?

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1.Develop the appropriate eco-system
2.Develop an IT road-map
3.Define a smart city strategy from a business point of view

Q12. How are big data analytics differentiated from traditional data analytics?

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Traditional data analytics rely on records, databases, and ERP, while big data analytics rely only on unstructured user-centered data.

Q13. What percentage of the data gathered is not directly exploitable (considered “dark data”)?

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80%

Q14. Which of the following technologies can be used to analyze “dark data”?

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1.Natural language processing
2. Advanced analytics
3.Cognitive computing
4.Machine learning

Q15. Which technological development can be considered as an efficient way to gather data from different channels?

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Cloud solutions

Quiz 2: Final Exam

Q1. What are the key trends that have encouraged a shift towards decentralized electricity generation?

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1.Renewable energy alternatives, such as solar and wind, which can be deployed on small scales
2.The improvement of storage technologies

Q2. From an economic perspective, what are the main challenges in smart urban energy systems for urban managers?

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Creating new business models

Allocating the costs of a smart urban energy system

Determining the pricing of the data

Q3. According to this MOOC, which of the following are smart urban mobility challenges in the service layer for urban managers?

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Design of congestion pricing schemes

Business model development

Addressing the digital divide

Q4. In the context of automated vehicles, which of the following scenarios is the most likely to occur in urban transportation systems?

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1.Automated vehicles will compete against public transportation systems, and offer users door-to-door services.
2.Public transportation will undoubtedly remain the backbone of urban transportation systems, and the last and first miles might be operated by automated vehicles.

Q5. According to this MOOC, why is it important to have flexibility when transitioning into a smart city?

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Keeping the options open avoids the chance of lock-in into premature technologies that could fail in the future.

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the requirements for properly interconnecting the telecommunications infrastructures through the communications network?

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Technical interoperability

Standards

Q7. According to this MOOC, what are the five dimensions that must be considered when transitioning to smart cities?

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Social

Legal/Political

Technological
Environmental

Economic

Q8. According to this MOOC, what are the main infrastructure challenges in the smart city transition?

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Standards

Political priorities

Financing

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following options best describes the main consequence of digitalization?

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Rapid development in the capacity to analyze and visualize data

Q10. According to this MOOC, which of the following are examples of demand-side management?

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Using your smartphone to control the lights in your house

Giving financial incentives to reduce consumption during peak hours

Q11. According to this MOOC, what are some characteristics of the shift in the habits of city dwellers?

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1.Ability to choose from a wide range of options and receive recommendations throughout all steps of the process
2.Desire to concentrate all services and remove the burden of choice

Q12. Fill in the blanks:

Cities are composed of interdependent sub-systems, in which the changes in one subsystem may affect the performance of others. As such, the combination of the (1) of all subsystems results in the performance of the city. Additionally, these systems present high (2): every change or decision made in a socio-technical system is dependent on changes and decisions that were made in the past. Lastly, there is an element of (3) to these systems; the impacts of decisions made and changes introduced in the past are (4) and cannot be undone.

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(2) path-dependency

(3) irreversibility

(4) long-lasting

Q13. According to this MOOC, which of the following are examples of additional urban subsystems in which a smart city transition could also be implemented?

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Eco-Tourism

Water and waste

Green infrastructures

Housing

Q14. What are examples of technologies used to analyze “Big Data”?

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1.Artificial intelligence
2.Machine learning

Q15. Which of the following are examples of data-generating devices?

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Cameras

Smartphones

GPS

Sensors

Q16. According to this MOOC, what is the main trend enabling the transition towards a smart city?

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Digitalization

Q17. According to this MOOC, which industries are most affected by digitalization?

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Information intensive industries

Q18. Which of the following is not a prerequisite for the development and transition towards smart cities?

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1.Governing the urban institutions and establishing the rules of the new smart city system
2.Management and governance of the data layer

Q19. Which of the following best defines a prosumer?

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An individual that both consumes and generates electricity

Q20. What are the three kinds of data that can be generated by smart energy systems?

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Grid behavior

User behavior

Generator data

Q21. According to this MOOC, which two options best describe the different views of the smart energy data layer?

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Integrated View: This view is held by electricity utilities that have generation data and want to provide services based on it. Under this view, data is considered a good.

Q22. What are the three drivers of the transition towards smart mobility systems?

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Urbanization

Climate change

Digitalization

Q23. Under the improved pathway, what is the main challenge for the infrastructure layer?

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The integration of the new data infrastructure into the legacy infrastructure

Q24. According to this MOOC, what are examples of transportation schemes that enable the shift pathway?

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Integrated ticketing systems (smart cards)

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)

Integrated mobility platforms

Q25. Which of the following statements is more accurate?

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Social and environmental innovations usually reach maturity quicker than technological innovations.

Q26. According to this MOOC, which of the following elements of the ‘smart city’ notion is most likely to be addressed on a national or supranational level?

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Data privacy and security

Q27. According to this MOOC, what are the three main aspects of service integration?

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1.Integrating and coordinating new and old services
2.Coordinating services across systems

Q28. What is the main accessibility challenge for smart city services?

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The digital divide

Q29. What are social tariffs?

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Tariffs that are differentiated based on a customer’s income or ability to pay.

Q30. According to this MOOC, if cities choose to finance new smart city infrastructure through the private sector, what must they do?

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Create the necessary conditions to make this option attractive to the private sector.

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