Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Quiz Answers

Get All Weeks Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Quiz Answers

Smart Cities – Management of Smart Urban Infrastructures Week 01 Coursera Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 1?

Q1. As seen in this MOOC, cities can be studied from different perspectives, and as different types of systems, which can be…

Economic systems
Technical systems
Demographic systems
Political systems
Social systems

Q2. What are the main layers that are used to conceptualize urban systems in this block?

Infrastructure layer
Economic layer
Service layer
Green layer
Institutional layer

Q3. What are the three key metrics used in this course to characterize the performance of urban infrastructure systems?

Investments
Sustainability
Growth
Quality of life
Efficiency
Resilience

Q4. As seen in this block, how does the conceptualization of smart cities differ from the traditional conceptualization of urban systems?

By the use of electric vehicles
By the addition of a citizen layer
Through the merging of the infrastructure and service layers
By the addition of a data layer

Q5. Which of the following components enables the development of the data layer for Smart Cities?

Social networks
Telecommunications infrastructure
The World Wide Web
The Internet

Q6. Which of the following definitions best describes digitalization?

The process of using the outputs of a component of a system to influence the inputs of the same component
The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into most aspects of everyday life through the use of new and legacy telecommunication infrastructures and networks
The interconnection of computers and other digital devices through the Internet

Q7. Which option best describes how digitalization is being used to improve value chains?

Value chains can be eliminated through the substitution of human labor with digital technologies.
Value chains can become more efficient by reducing the number of services offered in the physical layer.
Value chains can be closely monitored by customers and managers by being mirrored in the digital layer.

Q8. Which of the following options are not examples of digitalization?

Smart energy meters
Smart lightning
Traffic surveillance systems
Electric vehicles
Wind turbines

Q9. According to this MOOC, what are the two main visions for implementing a smart city?

Users as consumers: In this view, vendors lead the transition, and the smart city is built to increase profits.
Users as citizens: In this view, the public sector leads the transition, and the city is built to serve the citizens.
Users as leaders: In this view, the citizens lead and govern the transition using digital tools.

Q10. A Socio-Technical system can be defined as…

A system in which people and technology, including infrastructures, interact in a reciprocal relationship within an environment.
A system in which individuals only interact with each other and have no impact on technological components.
A system in which individuals and technology interact with one another, but does not have boundaries nor relation to its environment.

Q11. Which of the following smart city visions relies on a technology-push approach?

The Citizen Vision
The Vendor Vision
The Non-Governmental Organisation Vision
The City Government Vision

Q12. One of the key disruptions caused by digitalization relates to the fact that the value chain information mirrored in the data layer can be used to improve the layer or create new services and business models that allow companies to find new ways to profit. True or false?

True
False

Q13. Smart cities can be seen from a…

political perspective
technological perspective
social perspective
economic perspective

Q14. According to this MOOC, how does digitalization affect non-scalable industries, such as the taxi industry?

It allows them to develop new business models on which to capitalize
It turns consumers into prosumers
It allows them to start scaling up

Q15. According to the lectures, which of the following statements is more accurate about the impact of digitalization on the management of cities as socio-technical systems?

It enables cities to cope with the high complexity and interdependency that characterize urban systems.
It enables urban dwellers and citizens to connect with one another and develop social activities.
It allows public authorities to closely monitor and control the activity of all citizens.

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 2?

Q1. According to this MOOC, what are the three main drivers of the transition towards smart urban energy systems?

Decentralized generation
Low electricity costs
Climate change
Digitalization

Q2. What percentage of global primary energy is consumed in cities?

95%
75%
25%
55%

Q3. According to this MOOC, which key elements drive the smart urban energy transition?

Alternative urban energy sources
Energy efficiency
Off and semi-off-grid operations
New storage technologies
Automated self-driving vehicles

Q4. According to this MOOC, which of the following actors is not involved in the operation of smart urban energy systems?

Utilities
Electricity generators
Electric vehicle manufacturers
Transmission systems operators
Distribution system operators

Q5. Which option best defines price signals?

The information given to consumers through pricing signals shifts in supply and demand
The information given to consumers through pricing that signals changes in electricity sources
The information is given to consumers through pricing that signals shifts in electricity providers

Q6. Which of the following actors is the least involved in the management of smart urban energy systems?

Engineering companies active in the construction of power plants
Distributors
Prosumers
Decentralized electricity producers
Storage operators

Q7. According to this MOOC, who are the main smart energy service customers?

Distribution and transmission operators
Buildings
Commerce & industry
Households

Q8. Which of the following options best describes smart energy balancing?

The use of ICTs to optimize the balancing of supply and demand, almost in real-time
The use of ICTs to improve the monthly balance of energy consumed by households and buildings
The use of ICTs to improve the energy efficiency of households and buildings

Q9. According to this MOOC, who are the customers of demand-side management services?

Buildings
Households
Distribution operators
Commerce & industry

Q10. What are the main challenges for urban managers in the infrastructure layer?

Allocating legacy costs
Allocating the costs of a smart urban energy system
Managing intermittency and grid stability
Data pricing

Q11. Which of the following is not one of the main smart urban energy system challenges for policymakers in the data layer?

Developing new applications
Regulating data access
Regulating data ownership
Deciding whether to define data as a good or platform

Q12. From a social perspective, what are the main challenges for policymakers

Regulating privacy issues
Deciding whether to define data as a good or a platform
Defining universal service obligations
Regulating data access

Q13. Which of the following is a target customer for smart balancing services?

Distribution operators
Industries
Buildings
Households

Q14. According to this MOOC, what are the three main kinds of smart urban energy services?

Contract enforcement
Smart and integrated energy services
Smart balancing
Demand side management

Q15. Which of the following is not an example of smart and integrated energy services?

Using the data layer to optimize the energy consumption of waste recycling facilities
Using the data layer to facilitate the installation of solar panels and other generation technologies in households
Using the data layer to provide services that enhance electric mobility
Using the data layer to help manage energy use in water distribution systems

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 3?

Q1. By the year 2050, what is the rate of urbanization expected to be worldwide?

66%
55%
95%
85%

Q2. Which of the following statements is more accurate?

At first, cars made transportation in cities more efficient. But eventually, they became counterproductive and lowered efficiencies.
Transportation in cities has become more and more efficient since the introduction of cars, thanks to the benefits this mode of transportation brings.
Urban transportation quickly became more efficient with the introduction of cars but has stabilized over the past decades.

Q3. What percentage of global CO2 emissions originate from the urban transportation sector?

25 to 30%
0 to 5%
15 to 20%

Q4. Digitalization is leading transportation systems to a change in paradigm characterized by a shift…

from car ownership to mobility users & from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles.
from car ownership to mobility users & from transportation to mobility.
from transportation to mobility & from bicycles to seaways.

Q5. According to this MOOC, what are the two pathways of transition towards smart urban transportation systems?

Disrupt pathway
Shift pathway
Rebuild pathway
Improve pathway

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the two main trends under the improved pathway?

Monitoring of urban transport infrastructures thanks to ITS
The introduction of self-driving vehicles
The development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS)
The use of electric buses

Q7. Which option describes Level 2 of vehicle automation, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation?

At least two driving assistant systems are present (e.g. cruise control and brake assistance).
Conditional automation (the driving task is completed by an automated system, but it is expected that the driver will respond appropriately when needed).
One driver assistant system is present (e.g. braking assistance).

Q8. What are two new communication processes that need to be developed in order to ensure the successful introduction of automated vehicles?

V2I Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with surrounding infrastructures.
V2V Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with surrounding vehicles.
V2CM Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with car manufacturers.
V2G Communication – Vehicles must be able to communicate with the government authorities.

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following are key challenges in the service layer for the successful introduction of automated vehicles?

Institutional changes (driving codes, licenses…)
Integration of the data infrastructures with the legacy transport infrastructures
Social acceptance of new technologies
Accountability: in case of accidents, who will be held responsible?

Q10. Which of the following options are examples of mobility services that rely on sharing economy processes?

E-Hailing
Car sharing
Carpooling
Motorcycle taxis

Q11. Which of the following statements regarding Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) and Integrated Mobility Platforms (IMP) is correct?

MaaS relies on the idea of periodical subscription mobility packages and different service-level agreements between platform operators and mobility services providers, whereas an IMP relies on the Pay-as-you-go mechanism
MaaS relies on the idea of a Pay-as-you-go mechanism, whereas IMP relies on periodical subscription mobility packages and different service-level agreements between platform operators and mobility service providers
MaaS and IMP are the same thing but are named differently based on the context (small city vs. big city)

Q12. As seen in this block, which of the following is not an example of an emerging business model in the mobility sector?

Selling vehicles to final customer
Data-centric
Intermediation platforms
Pay-as-you-use

Q13. According to this MOOC, which of the following are smart urban mobility challenges in the infrastructure layer for policymakers?

Land use planning
Business model development
Financing the physical transportation infrastructure
Interconnecting transport modes

Q14. According to this MOOC, in the Smart Mobility domain, which of the following are challenges for policymakers from a political perspective?

Data regulation
Land use planning
Regulating competition
Business model development

Q15. According to this MOOC, in the Smart Mobility domain, which of the following are challenges for urban managers from a technological perspective?

Data standards and protocols
Interconnection of modes
Maintenance of road pavements
Addressing the digital divide

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 4?

Q1. What are three key factors that exist in most complex systems?

Resilience
Interdependency
Irreversibility
Perpetual
Path dependency

Q2. Feedback loops are defined as…

processes using the outputs of a component of a system to serve as input for the same component.
processes that have been improved thanks to the feedback received from an external expert

Q3. What should managers and planners avoid to ensure a successful transition towards smart cities?

Silo-thinking
Flexibility
Rigidity

Q4. Which of these approaches is necessary to successfully transition towards smart cities, given the complex nature of cities as socio-technical systems?

Flexibility
Holistic approach
High-speed transition
Long-term perspective

Q5. Which of the following factors can be seen as a key driver of the dynamicity of a system?

Decisions of the actors and the relationship between them
Limited number of elements that interact with each other in the system
Independence of elements from each other

Q6. Which of the following options best describes the S curve?

A curve that shows the historical use of vehicles.
A curve that shows the global rate of urbanization.
A curve that shows the demographic transition of a city or country.
A curve that shows the evolution of innovations over time.

Q7. What are the main issues faced when adopting a crowd-sensing approach to data collection?

The development of innovative business models to reward data-gatherers
Having enough sensors for all potential data-gatherers
Paying attention to the redundancy and reliability of the data collected

Q8. According to this MOOC, which of the following questions pertaining the data layer transition must be addressed by industry stakeholders?

Who will own the data?
Which data standards will be used?
Where will the data be stored?
How will the data be priced?

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following questions pertaining the data layer transition must be addressed by city authorities?

Who will own the data?
How will the data be priced?
Will there be restrictions on data accessibility?
Where will the data be located?

Q10. What is the right sequencing of questions regarding the definition and development of the data layer, based on the lectures in this block?

Data transparency
- Data storage
- Data standards
- Data pricing
Data storage
- Data standards
- Data pricing
- Data transparency
Data standards
- Data pricing
- Data transparency
- Data storage

Q11. According to this MOOC, what is the main requirement to ensure proper identification and access in the data layer?

Modern devices
Regulations
Technical interoperability

Q12. According to this MOOC, what are some examples of stakeholders who could already own the data generated in smart cities?

Owners of data-generating devices
Individual users
Urban think tanks
Telecommunications operators
United Nations

Q13. When referring to the necessity of a holistic approach in managing the transition in socio-technical systems, which of the below dimensions is of most importance?

Technological
Social
International
Environmental
Economic
Political

Q14. Why is there a clash between traditional infrastructure regulation and in-development data regulation?

Because traditional infrastructure regulation is closely linked to the territory while data regulation does not yet have a territorial dimension.
There are no clashes between traditional infrastructure regulation and data regulation.
Because traditional infrastructure regulation is linked to the national territory while data regulation is linked to the urban territory.

Q15. What is the primary advantage of AI (Artificial Intelligence) for the management of urban systems?

It requires more human intervention and thus has intellectual benefits.
It allows the collection of more precise and reliable data.
It enables permanent control loops, that is to say AI-enabled systems can automatically adapt to different situations and minimize human intervention.

Quiz 1: What did I learn in Block 5?

Q1. According to this MOOC, what are the three main challenges in the service layer to transition towards smart cities?

Quality
Service Integration
Data generation
Universal services obligation

Q2. What are the indicators by which the Universal Services Obligations are measured?

Durability
Flexibility
Accessibility
Sustainability
Quality
Affordability

Q3. What are the three questions raised in relation to the affordability of Universal Services Obligations?

Equity
The use of digital payment methods
The use of social tariffs
The use of subsidies

Q4. Among the providers for these basic services, competition exists; however, there is a trend towards the concentration of the market shares. This leads the way to monopolies, which could significantly improve service quality. True or false?

True
False

Q5. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Liability issues are further exacerbated by the digital (and therefore intangible) nature of some services.
The digital divide does not further exacerbate liability issues.

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the two main alternatives for political priorities when planning a transition towards a smart city?

The development of infrastructure
Reducing the bandwidth of internet connection
Increasing the penetration rate of smartphones in society
Smart city promotion

Q7. Which of the following statements best describes the digital divide?

A divide between the parts of the public and private sectors where political priorities have been set for a smart city transition and the others
A divide between the parts of the city that have already adopted smart city solutions and the parts that have not yet reached by them
A divide between the younger and richer parts of the population, who have more access to digital technology, and the rest

Q8. According to this MOOC, what is the key risk of setting smart city infrastructure development as a political priority?

When the infrastructure is in place, the smart city may not necessarily follow.
Making the infrastructures first will certainly result in a situation where people will not vote for the ruling political party in the next election cycle.
Politicians might become obsessed with technology and spend less time and energy to campaign for their parties.

Q9. How can we ensure that the smart city service providers are not cream-skimming the infrastructure?

By making them re-invest all their profits into new smart city services.
By preventing them from investing part of their profits into environmental projects.
By making them re-invest a portion of their profits in the infrastructure layer.

Q10. According to this MOOC, from an environmental perspective, what are the transition challenges for urban managers?

Deciding how central the environment will be to the
Incentivizing the use of fossil fuels
Life cycle considerations

Q11. What are the three steps to roll-out the use of big data analytics in cities?

Define a smart city strategy from a business point of view
Develop the appropriate ecosystem
Develop an IT road-map
Define smart city strategy from a business point of view
Develop an IT road-map
Develop the appropriate eco-system
Develop an ecosystem
Develop an IT road-map
Define the smart city strategy

Q12. How are big data analytics differentiated from traditional data analytics?

Traditional data analytics rely on records, databases, and ERP, while big data analytics rely only on unstructured user-centered data.
Traditional data analytics rely on unstructured user-centered data, while big data analytics rely only on records, databases, and ERP.
Traditional data analytics rely on records, databases, and ERP, while big data analytics rely on the combination of traditional data with unstructured user-centered data.

Q13. What percentage of the data gathered is not directly exploitable (considered “dark data”)?

20%
40%
50%
80%

Q14. Which of the following technologies can be used to analyze “dark data”?

Advanced analytics
Quantum computing
Artificial intelligence
Cognitive computing
Natural language processing
Internet of Things
Mechanical Automation
Machine learning

Q15. Which technological development can be considered as an efficient way to gather data from different channels?

Email
Cloud solutions
Hard-drive transmission

Quiz 2: Final Exam

Q1. What are the key trends that have encouraged a shift towards decentralized electricity generation?

Aesthetic dimensions of decentralized energy production units in houses
The improvement of storage technologies
Renewable energy alternatives, such as solar and wind, which can be deployed on small scales

Q2. From an economic perspective, what are the main challenges in smart urban energy systems for urban managers?

Deciding on the data standards
Creating new business models
Allocating the costs of a smart urban energy system
Determining the pricing of the data

Q3. According to this MOOC, which of the following are smart urban mobility challenges in the service layer for urban managers?

Design of congestion pricing schemes
Business model development
Addressing the digital divide
Preventive maintenance of the bus fleet

Q4. In the context of automated vehicles, which of the following scenarios is the most likely to occur in urban transportation systems?

Automated vehicles will compete against public transportation systems, and offer users door-to-door services.
Public transportation will undoubtedly remain the backbone of urban transportation systems, and the last and first miles might be operated by automated vehicles.
A combination of the other two scenarios is most likely.

Q5. According to this MOOC, why is it important to have flexibility when transitioning into a smart city?

Keeping the options open avoids the chance of lock-in into premature technologies that could fail in the future.
Flexibility allows cities to adopt a maximum number of innovations.
Flexibility ensures that all innovations are pre-tested before being implemented in the real system.

Q6. According to this MOOC, what are the requirements for properly interconnecting the telecommunications infrastructures through the communications network?

Technical interoperability
Standards
Diffusion of modern devices
Providing free WiFi in urban public spaces

Q7. According to this MOOC, what are the five dimensions that must be considered when transitioning to smart cities?

Social
Legal/Political
Technological
International
Environmental
Economic

Q8. According to this MOOC, what are the main infrastructure challenges in the smart city transition?

Standards
Political priorities
Loyalty to one technology vendor
Financing

Q9. According to this MOOC, which of the following options best describes the main consequence of digitalization?

Rapid development in the capacity to analyze and visualize data
An increase in household bandwidth
The rapid decrease of the number of connected devices

Q10. According to this MOOC, which of the following are examples of demand-side management?

Using storage to smooth over intermittencies in energy generation
Using your smartphone to control the lights in your house
Giving financial incentives to reduce consumption during peak hours
Introducing brand appliances in households and buildings

Q11. According to this MOOC, what are some characteristics of the shift in the habits of city dwellers?

Ability to choose from a wide range of options and receive recommendations throughout all steps of the process
Interest in spending more time with friends and family
Desire to concentrate all services and remove the burden of choice
The desire for customized solutions to their daily needs

Q12. Fill in the blanks:

Cities are composed of interdependent sub-systems, in which the changes in one subsystem may affect the performance of others. As such, the combination of the (1) of all subsystems results in the performance of the city. Additionally, these systems present high (2): every change or decision made in a socio-technical system is dependent on changes and decisions that were made in the past. Lastly, there is an element of (3) to these systems; the impacts of decisions made and changes introduced in the past are (4) and cannot be undone.

(1) performance
- (2) path-dependency
- (3) irreversibility
- (4) long-lasting
(1) efficiency
- (2) interdependency
- (3) complexity
- (4) quick
(1) effectiveness
- (2) complexity
- (3) time-dependence
- (4) long-lasting

Q13. According to this MOOC, which of the following are examples of additional urban subsystems in which a smart city transition could also be implemented?

Topography
Eco-Tourism
Water and waste
Green infrastructures
Housing

Q14. What are examples of technologies used to analyze “Big Data”?

Smartphones
Machine learning
Internet of Things
Artificial intelligence

Q15. Which of the following are examples of data-generating devices?

Cameras
Smartphones
GPS
Sensors
Servers

Q16. According to this MOOC, what is the main trend enabling the transition towards a smart city?

Digitalization
Social networks
Globalization
Terrorism

Q17. According to this MOOC, which industries are most affected by digitalization?

Fragmented industries
Non-scalable industries
Information asymmetric industries
Energy-intensive industries
Information intensive industries

Q18. Which of the following is not a prerequisite for the development and transition towards smart cities?

Governing the urban institutions and establishing the rules of the new smart city system
Management of the new services layer
Independent views of each of the urban infrastructures (silo-thinking)
Management and governance of the data layer
Management and governance of the old legacy infrastructures with the new smart ones

Q19. Which of the following best defines a prosumer?

A consumer whose demand is uncertain and calculated using probabilities
An individual that both consumes and generates electricity
An individual who is also a professional in the energy sector

Q20. What are the three kinds of data that can be generated by smart energy systems?

Grid behavior
User behavior
Generator data
Bandwidth consumption

Q21. According to this MOOC, which two options best describe the different views of the smart energy data layer?

Integrated View: This view is held by electricity utilities that have generation data and want to provide services based on it. Under this view, data is considered a good.
Decentralized view: Under this view, data is provided by the most powerful actors across all layers of energy systems.
Data Platform View: Under this view, data is fed by generators and then used by service providers to develop different services for different customers.
Public Data View: Under this view, data is only provided and managed by the public sector.

Q22. What are the three drivers of the transition towards smart mobility systems?

Urbanization
Climate change
Digitalization
Globalization

Q23. Under the improved pathway, what is the main challenge for the infrastructure layer?

The integration of the new data infrastructure into the legacy infrastructure
Developing new
System optimization
Ensuring data security

Q24. According to this MOOC, what are examples of transportation schemes that enable the shift pathway?

Integrated ticketing systems (smart cards)
Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
Integrated mobility platforms
The use of segways

Q25. Which of the following statements is more accurate?

Technological innovations usually reach maturity quicker than social or institutional innovations.
Social and environmental innovations usually reach maturity quicker than technological innovations.

Q26. According to this MOOC, which of the following elements of the ‘smart city’ notion is most likely to be addressed on a national or supranational level?

Data privacy and security
Data storage technology
Location of access points for free WiFi in the city

Q27. According to this MOOC, what are the three main aspects of service integration?

Data integration
Integrating and coordinating new and old services
Communicating the service level agreements with the representatives of the civic society
Coordinating services across systems

Q28. What is the main accessibility challenge for smart city services?

The digital divide
Different brands of smartphones used by citizens
The slow development of smart services

Q29. What are social tariffs?

Tariffs that are differentiated based on a customer’s income or ability to pay.
Offering a uniform tariff to all groups of citizens, regardless of their race, economic class or gender.
Money given by the public sector to operators to lower the prices of services.

Q30. According to this MOOC, if cities choose to finance new smart city infrastructure through the private sector, what must they do?

Just focus on Public-Private-Partnership solutions as the best possible option.
Create the necessary conditions to make this option attractive to the private sector.
Focus on marketing the city by using the “smart city” brand
Develop a financial center to host the companies that invest in the city.

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