Supervised Machine Learning: Regression Quiz Answers

Supervised Machine Learning: Regression Week 01 Quiz Answers

Quiz 01: Check for Understanding

Q1. Select the option that is the most INACCURATE regarding the definition of Machine Learning:

• Machine Learning allows computers to learn from data
• Machine Learning allows computers to infer predictions for new data
• Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Learning is automated and requires no programming

Q2. This is the type of Machine Learning that uses both data with labeled outcomes and data without labeled outcomes:

• Supervised Machine Learning
• Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Mixed Machine Learning
• Semi-Supervised Machine Learning

Q3. Predicting total revenue, number of customers, and percentage of returning customers are examples of:

• classification
• regression

Q4. Predicting payment default, whether a transaction is fraudulent, and whether a customer will be part of the top 5% spenders on a given year, are examples of:

• classification
• regression

Quiz 02: Check for Understanding

Q1. Which statement about evaluating a Machine Learning model is the most accurate?

• Model selection involves choosing a model that minimizes the cost function.
• Model estimation involves choosing parameters that minimize the cost function.
• Model estimation involves choosing a cost function that can be compared across models.
• Model selection involves choosing modeling parameters that minimize in-sample validation error.

Q2. (True/False) The unadjusted value from estimating a linear regression model will almost always increase if more features are added.

• True
• False

Q3. (True/False) The Total Sum of Squares (TSS) can be used to select the best-fitting regression model.

• True
• False

Q4. (True/False) The Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) can be used to select the best-fitting regression model.

• True
• False

End of Module Quiz

Q1. You can use supervised machine learning for all of the following examples, EXCEPT:

• Segment customers by their demographics.
• Predict the number of customers that will visit a store on a given week.
• Predict the probability of a customer returning to a store.
• Interpret the main drivers that determine if a customer will return to a store.

Q2. The autocorrect on your phone is an example of:

• Unsupervised learning
• Supervised learning
• Semi-supervised learning
• Reinforcement learning

Q3. This is the type of Machine Learning that uses both data with labeled outcomes and data without labeled outcomes:

• Supervised Machine Learning
• Unsupervised Machine Learning
• Mixed Machine Learning
• Semi-Supervised Machine Learning

Q4. This option describes a way of turning a regression problem into a classification problem:

• Create a new variable that flags 1 for above a certain value and 0 otherwise
• Use outlier treatment
• Use missing value handling
• Create a new variable that uses autoencoding to transform a continuous outcome into categorical

Q5. This is the syntax you need to predict new data after you have trained a linear regression called LR:

• LR=predict(X_test)
• LR.predict(X_test)
• LR.predict(LR, X_test)
• predict(LR, X_test)

Q6. All of these options are useful error measures to compare regressions:

• SSE
• R squared
• TSS
• ROC index

Q7. (True/False) It is less concerning to treat a Machine Learning model as a black box for prediction purposes, compared to interpretation purposes:

• True
• False

Supervised Machine Learning: Regression Week 02 Quiz Answers

Quiz 01: Check for Understanding

Q1. Another common term for the testing split is:

• Training split
• Validation split
• Corroboration split
• Cross validation split

Q2. Complete the following sentence: The training data is used to fit the model, while the test data is used to:

• measure the parameters and hyperparameters of the model
• tweak the model hyperparameters
• tweak the model parameters
• measure error and performance of the model

Q3. Select the option that has the syntax to obtain the data splits you will need to train a model having a test split that is a third the size of your available data.

• X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.5)
• X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.33)
• X_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.33)
• X_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.5)

Quiz 02: Check for Understanding

Q1. Which statement about K-fold cross-validation below is TRUE?

• Each subsample in K-fold cross-validation has at least k observations.
• Each subsample in K-fold cross-validation has at least k-1 observations.
• Each of the k subsamples in K-fold cross-validation is used as a training set.
• Each of the k subsamples in K-fold cross-validation is used as a test set.

Q2. (True/False) For a dataset with M observations and N features, Leave-one-out cross-validation is equivalent to k-fold cross-validation with k =M-1 .

• True
• False

Q3. If a low-complexity model is underfitting during estimation, which of the following is MOST LIKELY true (holding the model constant)?

• K-fold cross-validation will still lead to underfitting, for any k.
• K-cross-validation with a small k will reduce or eliminate underfitting.
• K-fold cross-validation with a large k will reduce or eliminate underfitting.
• None of the above.

Q4. Which of the following statements about a high-complexity model in a linear regression setting is TRUE?

• Cross-validation with a small k will reduce or eliminate overfitting.
• A high variance of parameter estimates across cross-validation subsamples indicates likely overfitting.
• A low variance of parameter estimates across cross-validation subsamples indicates likely overfitting.
• Cross-validation with a large k will reduce or eliminate overfitting.

Quiz 03: Check for Understanding

Q1. What is the main goal of adding polynomial features to a linear regression?

• Remove the linearity of the regression and turn it into a polynomial model.
• Capture the relation of the outcome with features of higher order.
• Increase the interpretability of a black box model.
• Ensure similar results across all folds when using K-fold cross validation.

Q2. What is the most common sklearn methods to add polynomial features to your data?

• polyFeat.add and polyFeat.transform
• polyFeat.add and polyFeat.fit
• polyFeat.fit and polyFeat.transform
• polyFeat.transform

End of Module Quiz

Q1. The main purpose of splitting your data into a training and test sets is:

• To improve accuracy
• To avoid overfitting
• To improve regularization
• To improve crossvalidation and overfitting

Q2. (True/False) For a dataset with M observations and N features, Stratified cross-validation is equivalent to k-fold cross-validation, where k =N-1 .

• True
• False

Q3. (True/False) A linear regression model is being tested by cross-validation. Relative to K-fold cross-validation, stratified cross-validation (with the same k ) will likely increase the variance of estimated parameters.

• True
• False

Q4. In K-fold cross-validation, how will increasing k affect the variance (across subsamples) of estimated model parameters?

• Increasing k will not affect the variance of estimated parameters.
• Increasing k will usually reduce the variance of estimated parameters.
• Increasing k will usually increase the variance of estimated parameters.
• Increasing k will increase the variance of estimated parameters if models are underfit, but reduce it if models are overfit.

Supervised Machine Learning: Regression Week 03 Quiz Answers

Quiz 01: Check for Understanding

Q1. Which of the following statements about model complexity is TRUE?

• Higher model complexity leads to a lower chance of overfitting.
• Higher model complexity leads to a higher chance of overfitting.
• Reducing the number of features while adding feature interactions leads to a lower chance of overfitting.
• Reducing the number of features while adding feature interactions leads to a higher chance of overfitting.

Q2. Which of the following statements about model errors is TRUE?

• Underfitting is characterized by lower errors in both training and test samples.
• Underfitting is characterized by higher errors in both training and test samples.
• Underfitting is characterized by higher errors in training samples and lower errors in test samples.
• Underfitting is characterized by lower errors in training samples and higher errors in test samples.

Q3. Which of the following statements about regularization is TRUE?

• Regularization always reduces the number of selected features.
• Regularization increases the likelihood of overfitting relative to training data.
• Regularization decreases the likelihood of overfitting relative to training data.
• Regularization performs feature selection without a negative impact in the likelihood of overfitting relative to the training data.

Q4. BOTH Ridge regression and Lasso regression

• do not adjust the cost function used to estimate a model.
• add a term to the loss function proportional to a regularization parameter.
• add a term to the loss function proportional to the square of parameter coefficients.
• add a term to the loss function proportional to the absolute value of parameter coefficients.

Q5. Compared with Lasso regression (assuming similar implementation), Ridge regression is:

• less likely to overfit to training data.
• more likely to overfit to training data.
• less likely to set feature coefficients to zero.
• more likely to set feature coefficients to zero.

End of Module Quiz

Q1. (True/False) The variance of a model is determined by the degree of irreducible error.

• True
• False

Q2. (True/False) As more variables are added to a model, both its complexity and its variance generally increase.

• True
• False

Q3. (True/False) Model adjustments that decrease bias also decrease variance, leading to a bias-variance tradeoff.

• True
• False

Q4. Which of the following statements about scaling features prior to regularization is TRUE?

• The scale or features must be the same to implement L1 or L2 regularization.
• Features should rarely or never be scaled prior to implementing regularization.
• The larger a feature’s scale, the more likely its estimated impact will be influenced by regularization.
• The smaller a feature’s scale, the more likely its estimated impact will be influenced by regularization.

Q5. Which of the following statements about model complexity is TRUE?

• Higher model complexity leads to a lower chance of overfitting.
• Higher model complexity leads to a higher chance of overfitting.
• Reducing the number of features while adding feature interactions leads to a lower chance of overfitting.
• Reducing the number of features while adding feature interactions leads to a higher chance of overfitting.

Q6. (True/False) A model with high variance is characterized by sensitivity to small changes in input data.

• True
• False

Q7. Which of the following statements about Elastic Net regression is TRUE?

• Elastic Net combines L1 and L2 regularization.
• Elastic Net does not use L1 or L2 regularization.
• Elastic Net uses L2 regularization, as with Ridge regression.
• Elastic Net uses L1 regularization, as with Ridge regression.

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