Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Quiz Answers

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Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Week 01 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Cryptographic Hash Function

Q1. Which of the following statements are false for hash functions?

[expand title=View Answer] Given an input, a hash function can produce multiple outputs [/expand]

Q2. Which of the following terms are used to describe the output of the hash function?

[expand title=View Answer]
Digest

Fingerprint

Hash value
[/expand]

Q3. Which of the following states that for any given input, it is computationally infeasible to find another input that produces the same hash as the given input

[expand title=View Answer] Strong collision resistance [/expand]

Q4. Which of the following statements are true for cryptographic hash function requirements?

[expand title=View Answer]
1.The avalanche effect is a desirable property of the hash function because it prevents attacks that compare the outputs to infer the relations between the corresponding inputs.
2.Any hash function that is strong collision resistant is also weak collision resistant.
[/expand]

Q5. When the hash function uses a 1-byte long key, how many computations would it require an attacker to break strong collision resistance?

[expand title=View Answer] 16 [/expand]

Q6. When the hash function uses a 1-byte long key, how many computations would it require an attacker to break weak collision resistance?

[expand title=View Answer] 128 [/expand]

Q7. When the hash function uses a 1-byte long key, how many computations would it require an attacker to break preimage resistance?

[expand title=View Answer] 256 [/expand]

Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Week 02 Quiz Answers

Quiz 2: Hash Chain and Hash Tree

Q1. In hash chain, H^n indicates the output of the n-th hash. Suppose H^3 has an error and its value changed. Which of the values would get affected and change?

[expand title=View Answer]
H^5

H^4

H^3
[/expand]

Q2. The server, acting as the verifier, has the value H^n stored for the verification. What is the one-time password that will be used by the user?

[expand title=View Answer]H^{n+1} [/expand]

Q3. For a hash tree that covers 32 data blocks, how many hash checks do you need to perform to detect the error? Assume that error occurred on only one block.

[expand title=View Answer] 32 [/expand]

Q4. For a hash tree that covers 32 data blocks, how many hash checks do you need to perform to detect the error? Assume that error occurred on two distinct blocks.

[expand title=View Answer] 32 [/expand]

Q5. For a hash tree that covers 16 data blocks, how many hash checks do you need to perform to localize the error? Assume that error occurred on only one block.

[expand title=View Answer]9 [/expand]

Q6. For a hash tree that covers 128 data blocks, how many hash checks do you need to perform to localize the error? Assume that error occurred on only one block.

[expand title=View Answer] 15 [/expand]

Q7. Now the error occurred on two distinct blocks. For a hash tree that covers 16 data blocks, how many hash checks do you need to perform to localize the error?

[expand title=View Answer]15 [/expand]

Q8. Which of the followings are true for hash tree (Merkle tree)? The tree is binary where there are two child nodes for each parent node.

[expand title=View Answer]
1.To construct the hash tree, the hash inputs are twice as long as the hash outputs.
2.Merkle root changes only if the majority of the data blocks change.
3.Hash tree requires fixed number of data blocks (which are the inputs of the lowest-level hash functions).
4.The computational complexity grows linearly as the number of data blocks increases exponentially.
[/expand]

Quiz 2: Cryptocurrency and TESLA

Q1. Cryptocurrency, e.g., bitcoin, uses the Merkle tree for efficient verification. Which of the following best describes the data (the input to the hash at the lowest level of the tree hierarchy) in cryptocurrency?

[expand title=View Answer]Cryptocurrency transaction[/expand]

Q2. Which of the following does the TESLA broadcasting authentication scheme use? Select all that apply.

[expand title=View Answer]
1.Cryptographic hash function
2.Hash chain
[/expand]

Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Week 03 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Message Authentication Code

Q1. Which of the following is true about message authentication?

[expand title=View Answer] Message authentication code (MAC) is based on symmetric keys. [/expand]

Q2. Which of the following terms is not used interchangeably with message authentication code (MAC)?

[expand title=View Answer]Digital signature [/expand]

Q3. Which of the following is not a reason to use/prefer MAC over symmetric encryption for message authentication?

[expand title=View Answer] Confidentiality protection [/expand]

Q4. A MAC, such as that based on DAA/DES, uses a 56-bit key and a 64-bit MAC code/tag. How many computations would it require for an attacker to brute-force the MAC on average?

[expand title=View Answer]
1.2^56
2.2^55
[/expand]

Q5. A MAC, such as that based on DAA/DES, uses a 56-bit key and a 64-bit MAC code/tag. However, now, the key gets updated very frequently; every MAC code that gets produced uses a different key. How many computations would it require for an attacker to brute-force the MAC on average?

[expand title=View Answer] 2^56[/expand]

Q6. Which of the following is not a security requirement for MAC?

[expand title=View Answer] Large key size [/expand]

Q7. How is CMAC different from the DAA algorithm? Select all that apply.

[expand title=View Answer]
1.CMAC additionally uses a derived key (derived from the original key) when generating the MAC code.
2.CMAC has options for the block ciphers.
3.CMAC provides longer MAC code.
[/expand]

Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Week 04 Quiz Answers

Quiz 1: Digital Signature

Q1. In which of the following threat scenarios, can digital signature be useful (to counter)? Digital signature can also used to ensure time integrity, e.g., protect the integrity of the timestamp.

[expand title=View Answer]
1.A network manager, A, transmits a message to a computer, B, under its management. The message instructs computer B to update an authorization file to include the identities of a number of new users who are to be given access to that computer.
2.A network manager, A, transmits a message to a computer, B, under its management. The message instructs computer B to update an authorization file to include the identities of a number of new users who are to be given access to that computer.
3.A message is sent from a customer to a stockbroker with instructions for various transactions.
4.An employee is fired without warning. The personnel manager sends a message to a server system to invalidate the employee’s account. When the invalidation is accomplished, the server is to post a notice to the employee’s file as confirmation of the action.
[/expand]

Q2. Which of the following statements are true about digital signatures?

[expand title=View Answer]
1.Digital signature tends to require more computational resources than message authentication
2.A digital signature is typically smaller than the data size.
[/expand]

Q3. Which of the following is not a requirement for digital signatures?

[expand title=View Answer] Easy to produce[/expand]

Q4. For RSA Signature and Digital Signature Standard (DSS), how does the sender generate the digital signature given the message, p?

[expand title=View Answer] Takes the hash of the p and then encrypts using its private key [/expand]

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Cryptographic Hash and Integrity Protection Quiz Answers