Our Energy Future Coursera Quiz Answers

All Weeks Our Energy Future Coursera Quiz Answers

Our Energy Future Week 01 Quiz Answers

Introduction to Energy Quiz Quiz Answers

Q1. Why do countries continue to consume oil?

• To Increase quality of life
• It has a high energy density.
• It is cheap to buy.
• All of the above

Q2. How are food and fuel related?

• We can use food as a source for fuel.
• Food and fuel are both chemical energy.
• Fossil fuel use in agriculture led to increased productivity and yield.
• All of the above

Q3. One gallon of gasoline contains more energy than five whole pizzas.

• True
• False

Q4. What factors need to be considered for the total environmental footprint of food? (Choose all that apply)

• Processing
• Market Value
• Transportation
• Production

Q5. What is comparable to an average American’s energy consumption? (choose all that apply)

• 2,000 cell phones
• 6 blow dryers
• 2 clothes dryers
• 10,000 idle phone chargers

Q6. What makes an “energy wedge?”

• It is a technology or strategy to reduce carbon emissions.
• It is commercialized somewhere in the world.
• It is scalable.
• It reduces carbon emissions by 25 Gigatons over 50 years.
• All of the above

Q7. The only way to realistically decrease carbon emissions is to focus research and development on one energy technology.

• True
• False

Q8. How did fossil fuels affect agriculture during the Green Revolution? (Choose all that apply)

• Increased food availability year-round
• Increased the price of food
• Contributed to the development of crop protection tools
• Increased productivity through use in agricultural machines

Q9. Petroleum is considered sweet when it is

• Greater than 0.5% Sulfur
• Greater than 0.5% Nitrogen
• Less than 0.5% Sulfur
• Less than 0.5% Nitrogen

Q10. Which of the following are products that are derived from petroleum? (Choose all that apply)

• Solvents
• Motor oil
• Jet fuel
• Synthetic rubber

Our Energy Future Week 02 Quiz Answers

Physical Energy Sources Quiz Answers

Q1. What quasi-particle is used to increase signal communication in information technology?

• Electron
• Photon
• Plasmon
• Exciton

Q2. Next generation nuclear reactors are safer because of the more complex design and safety measures.

• True
• False

Q3. Which of the following are concerns for nuclear energy?

• Economics
• Risk and safety
• Spent fuel
• Proliferation
• All of the above

Q4. The levelized total cost of nuclear power is cheaper than offshore wind and solar power.

• True
• False

Q5. Artificial photosynthesis can create synthetic gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen).

• True
• False

Q6. Although Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) are considered to be more efficient, which of the following is NOT an advantage of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs)?

• More energy output
• Possibility of placement in urban areas, resorts, etc. (i.e., in close proximity of the consumer)
• Compact rotor design
• Relatively easy installation and maintenance

Q7. Wind is an important renewable resource for electric power generation.

• True
• False

Q8. Which section of the wind turbine blade is of greater importance when it comes to aerodynamic design?

• Tip
• Root
• Tower
• Nacelle

Q9. What are current issues with magnetic fusion that are currently being researched? (Choose all that apply)

• Energy and particle turbulence and transportation
• Plasma confinement
• Ignition discharge
• Plasma disruption

Q10. Vertical-axis wind turbines are most commonly used for commercial projects.

• True
• False

Q11. Which of the following are examples of a Solar Energy Generation System?

• Direct conversion to electricity
• Solar-thermal-power
• Solar Stirling engines
• All of the above
• None of the above

Q12. Concentrated photovoltaic technologies rely on both direct solar energy and diffused solar energy.

• True
• False

Q13. What is currently the typical electric vehicle range?

• 25 – 40 miles
• 40 – 60 miles
• 70 – 125 miles
• 150 – 300 miles

Q14. Why will energy storage technology decrease overall energy cost?

• It requires less of an energy infrastructure investment.
• It costs more money to generate energy than it does to store it.
• Renewable energy generation can be stored and dispatched during peak hours.
• Energy that would normally be wasted can now be stored.

Q15. An electric vehicle can put as much energy demand on an electric grid as three to four homes.

• True
• False

Q16. Smart grid technology allows consumers to be less involved with their power consumption.

• True
• False

Q17. Why is energy storage important for future grids?

• We will have less overall energy in the future.
• Renewable energy sources are more variable and storage will help meet demand.
• We will produce more energy than demand so it will be necessary to store it.
• All of the above

Q18. One major challenge with solar technology is that the daily timing of solar energy availability does not match energy demand very well.

• True
• False

Q19. The majority of solar energy costs for an owner are currently attributed to:

• Installation
• Low return on investment due to limited conditions when photovoltaic technology is at peak productivity
• Cost of product
• Maintenance

Q20. One downside of microgrids is that during a grid power outage, the microgrid would not be able to supply power to its consumers.

• True
• False

Our Energy Future Week 04 Quiz Answers

Intro to Biological Energy Sources and Plant Biofuel Quiz Answers

Q1. Ethanol can be produced from: (Choose all that apply)

• Corn
• Green algae
• Potatoes
• Vegetable oil
• Jatropha

Q2. Oil palm can be grown more widely than Jatropha.

• True
• False

Q3. What are biofuels? (Choose all that apply)

• Fuel produced from any naturally occurring processes
• Renewable fuels that are derived from sunlight
• Fuel derived from fossilized plants and algae
• Fuel derived from any recently living biological organism or their metabolic byproducts

Q4. In 2012, what percentage of corn was used for ethanol production?

• 15%
• 40%
• 10%
• 65%

Q5. What is the most energy-intensive part of corn ethanol production?

• Purifying ethanol
• Distilling fermentation slurry
• Breaking down starch through acid hydrolysis
• Fermenting sugars into ethanol

Q6. Comparing the lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of corn ethanol and gasoline, which of the following is true? (choose all that apply)

• Corn ethanol emits more fuel production-related emissions than gasoline.
• Corn ethanol emits more tailpipe (end use) combustion-related greenhouse gases than gasoline.
• Corn ethanol emits far less overall greenhouse gas emissions than gasoline.
• Gasoline emits more tailpipe (end use) combustion-related greenhouse gases than corn ethanol.

Q7. Which of the following are cellulosic ethanol feedstocks? (Choose all that apply)

• Corn stover
• Willow trees
• Corn starch
• Palm

Q8. What are the main components of lignocellulosic plant material?

• Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
• Cellulose, hemicellulose, glucose
• Cellulose, lignin, triglycerides
• Cellulose, Exocellulase, Glucosidase

Q9. Which of the following regions have implemented ethanol fuel policies? (Choose all that apply)

• European Union
• China
• USA
• Southeast Asia

Q10. Which of the following are products than can come directly or indirectly from Jatropha? (Choose all that apply)

• Fuel
• Electricity
• Steam power
• Lubricants

Our Energy Future Week 05 Quiz Answers

Midterm Exam Quiz Answers

Q1. What is energy?

• Capacity to do work
• Force multiplied by distance
• Power over time
• All of the above

Q2. What is the correct order of historical agriculture development?

• Domestication of plants and animals, irrigation technology, mechanized agriculture, use of fossil fuels, use of chemical fertilizers
• Domestication of plants and animals, use of chemical fertilizers, mechanized agriculture, use of fossil fuels, irrigation technology
• Use of fossil fuels, domestication of plants and animals, use of chemical fertilizers, mechanized agriculture, irrigation technology
• Irrigation technology, domestication of plants and animals, mechanized agriculture, use of fossil fuels, use of chemical fertilizers

Q3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the challenges we face in transitioning away from fossil fuels?

• None of the renewables/alternatives is quantitatively capable of satisfying our present demand.
• Intermittency plagues some resources like solar and wind.
• Besides abundance issues, alternatives tend to fall short of the convenience and attributes of fossil fuels.
• If it were not for the fact that fossil fuels are finite and changing the climate, there would be little incentive for us to migrate to more difficult alternatives.
• Tidal power, wave power, and geothermal are unlikely to play large roles.

Q4. What is an important product of artificial photosynthesis?

• Solar energy
• Synthetic Gas
• Water
• Carbon dioxide

Q5. Which of the following are used to produce sugars for biofuels? (Choose all that apply)

• Diatoms
• Cyanobacteria
• Jatropha
• Corn

Q6. How are the savings in GHG emissions generated on a lifecycle basis by cellulosic ethanol compared to conventional biofuels made from food crops?

• Lower
• Similar
• Higher

Q7. Which material(s) is(are) most frequently employed in modern wind-turbine blades?

• Steel
• Composite laminates
• Aluminum
• Concrete

Q8. What is unique about the cell walls of diatoms?

Q9. How are multi-junction cells different from flat panel photovoltaic cells? (Choose all that apply)

• They are cheaper to produce.
• They are about twice as efficient at converting photons to electrons.
• They absorb more wavelengths of light.
• They are used in concentrated photovoltaic systems.

Q10. When are electric vehicle batteries typically retired?

• When they drop to 80% capacity
• When they reach 100,000 miles
• When they drop to 40% capacity
• When they reach 75,000 miles

Q11. Which of the following is NOT a major aspect of smart grids?

• Renewable integration
• Static power rate standardization
• Resource adequacy
• Customer choice

Q12. Green algae dominate terrestrial environments and diatoms dominate marine environments.

• True
• False

Q13. The developed world is expected to have a larger relative increase in energy consumption than the developing world in the first part of the 21st century.

• True
• False

Q14. Which oil source has the highest oil yield per acre?

• Safflower
• Jatropha
• Canola
• Algae

Q15. A genetically modified organism must have DNA from another organism OR use recombinant DNA technology

• True
• False

Q16. Why is the germplasm of Jatropha so important to increasing its commercial viability?

• It is the part of the male Jatropha plant that allows hybridization.
• It is the part of the seed that can be genetically modified to produce more oil.
• It is the collection of genetic resources that informs hybridization and improves Jatropha productivity.
• It is the high-yield oil product of hybridization.

Q17. What is a model strain?

• Best strain to be used in commercial production
• A strain that has been well-studied to test for genes and to modify pathways in the lab
• Benchmark strain to compare with potential production strains
• Theoretical production strain that can be made with genetic tools

Q18. How much do diatoms contribute to global carbon fixation?

• 5%
• 10%
• 20%
• 35%

Q19. Cyanobacteria are not well-suited for genetic transformations.

• True
• False

Q20. What are traits that Sapphire Energy look for when bio-prospecting algae for biofuel production? (Choose all that apply)

• Heat tolerance
• Carbon source
• Salinity tolerance
• Growth in light or darkness
• Size

Q21. Which of the following is a benefit of adding ethanol to gasoline?

• It reduces the price of gasoline.
• It makes gasoline less flammable.
• It reduces the water absorption capacity of gasoline.
• It increases gasoline mileage.
• It raises the octane level of gasoline.

Q22. What are the criteria for using algae as a biofuel platform? (Choose all that apply)

• Fungible fuels
• Diversity
• Sustainability
• Productivity
• Scalabiltiy

Q23. In order to meet carbon emission reductions and energy demand in the future, nuclear power needs to be part of the solution.

• True
• False

Q24. When engineering lipids in algae, why doesn’t inserting vascular plant thioesterase genes into algae create more medium chain fatty acids but overexpressing an algal thioesterase gene does?

• There is protein-protein interaction that takes place in the fatty acid pathway and plant thioesterase cannot get close enough to the carrier protein during fatty acid elongation.
• Multiple plant thioesterase genes were shown to produce more medium chain fatty acids in algae.
• Vascular plant thioesterase genes are not able to be inserted into algae chloroplasts.
• It is not possible to insert a plant thioesterase gene into algae because algae already have a thioesterase gene.

Q25. What are the three stages of oil refining?

• Distillation or Separation
• Conversion or Cracking
• Procurement or Drilling
• Treatment or Enhancement

Our Energy Future Week 06 Quiz Answers

Biofuel Production and Downstream Processing Quiz Answers

Q1. What are some pros of biodiesel? (Choose all that apply)

• Low cost
• Reduces carbon dioxide emissions
• Material compatibility
• Reduces HC and CO emissions

Q2. What is Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry used for with fuel analysis?

• FAME composition and glycerol composition
• Flash point
• Viscosity
• Energy conten

Q3. Diesel engines are more efficient and durable than gasoline engines.

• True
• False

Q4. Which region of the world that is currently engaging in commercial biogas upgrading and injection into the natural gas grid?

• Indonesia and Malaysia’s palm oil producing regions
• Brazil’s sugar cane producing regions
• Major cities in China with large waste water treatment facilities and anaerobic digesters
• The United States upper Midwest in the vicinity of corn ethanol facilities
• Germany and other Northern European countries

Q5. Reactions to form the primary products of heating biomass are endothermic, which means energy must be supplied to make them happen. How is this energy supplied?

• Part of the biomass is burned
• Geothermal energy
• Solar energy
• Fossil fuels

Q6. What are the possible uses of gases formed by biomass gasification?

• Burn in engine to make electricity
• React over catalyst to make liquid fuels
• All of the above
• None of the above

Q7. What are some ways to break apart cellulosic biomass for energy production? (Choose all that apply)

• Base
• Acid
• Steam
• Fermentation

Q8. Naturally occurring organisms called Archaea produce methane and

• Store energy in the form of long chain hydrocarbons that break down at room temperature to release methane
• Live in highly oxygenated environments and convert biomass to methane
• Can tolerate high temperatures and use hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide to methane
• Use reduced sugars to generate a biogas mixture of equal parts methane and carbon dioxide

Q9. The renewable energy source used commercially to reduce carbon dioxide to methane is

• Renewable energy from wind and solar power
• Solar thermal energy to heat bioreactors
• Acetate and sugar fed to Archaea and bacteria
• Hydrogen from steam reforming of natural gas

Q10. What are the primary products when heating biomass to around 600 °C?

• Liquids
• Solids
• Gases
• Plasma

Q11. Photobioreactors and open ponds systems have a negligible difference in cost when increasing algae production to commercial–scale.

• True
• False

Q12. What are the four most important traits for agriculture? (Choose all that apply)

• Crop protection
• Productivity
• Product profile
• Diversity
• Harvestability

Q13. Which of the following can be produced from algae biomass through biochemical conversion? (Choose all that apply)

• Methane
• Bio oil
• Hydrogen
• Electricity

Q14. Which of the following are the two main uses of water in the U.S.? (Choose two)

• Livestock
• Irrigation
• Mining
• Thermoelectrical generation cooling

Q15. What is eutrophication?

• Increasing plant carbohydrate percentage yields as a result of applying nitrogen fertilizer
• Adding artificial or natural substances to aquatic systems through fertilizer or sewage
• Depleting finite fertilizer resources such as phosphorous, nitrogen, and potassium
• Decreasing land level as a result of using waterbeds for irrigation

Q16. How many gallons of water are required on average to produce one gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel?

• 0.5 gallons
• 1 gallon
• 5 gallons
• 10 gallons

Q17. In corn ethanol production, fresh water is only needed to grow the corn crops.

• False
• True

Q18. What is land subsidence?

• The amount of groundwater available
• Land shifting downward as a result groundwater removal
• Net water use per gallon of water per acre of land
• The agricluture production amount per acre per gallon of water

Q19. Which of the following is not a method to reduce fertilizer use for biofuel production?

• Incorporating nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots
• Developing systems to recycle nutrients
• Incorporating wastewater into biofuel production systems
• Using fertile land for biofuel feedstock production

Q20. Since phosphate is constantly being naturally produced, phosphorous is not a finite fertilizer.

• True
• False

Our Energy Future Week 07 Quiz Answers

Social Issues, Economics, and Politics Quiz Answers

Q1. Why are Zero Emission Cars mislabeled?

• The power plants that produce electricity for zero emission cars mostly burn fossil fuels and emit pollution.
• Zero emission cars actually use a small amount of combustible fuel.
• Some of the electrical energy used in zero emission cars emits pollution.
• All of the above

Q2. What are some health effects of pollution? (Choose all that apply)

• Genetic expression disruption
• Brain damage
• Lung tissue damage
• Blood oxygen content reduction

Q3. Which of the following are examples of local environmental management? (Choose all that apply)

• Interstate sulfur emission flow
• River dumping
• CFCs
• Deforestation

Q4. According to Dr. McCord, what are the components of the environment-poverty trap?

• Poverty, pollution, increased economic potential, pollution-producing behavior
• Poverty, poor education, pollution-producing behavior, sanitation, negative health effects
• Poverty, energy use, water use, environmental damage
• Poverty, biomass collection and use, environmental degradation, negative health effects

Q5. What factors does technology change for a community in the developing world in terms of time allocation? (Choose all that apply)

• Resource collection
• Farming/fishing
• Business
• Leisure

Q6. The social optimum compared to market equilibrium of energy cost has higher supply and lower prices.

• True
• False

Q7. When subsidizing infant industries, it is important to pick a winner to focus investments.

• True
• False

Q8. Why is a tax a good regulation instrument for conservation? (Choose all that apply)

• It is regressive and allows for decreased energy consumption.
• Revenue from taxes can offset negative effects of the tax.
• It encourages every opportunity to conserve a resource
• It is a direct regulation.

Q9. According to Dr. Jacobsen, what is the biggest drawback of Cap and Trade?

• Price volatility
• Monitoring and offsets
• Interactions with the rest of the tax system
• Complexity and administrative costs

Q10. What has the U.S. done with regulating coal power plants? (Choose all that apply)

• Implemented the Clean Air Act
• Required all plants to meet the same standard for emissions
• Converted some plants to natural gas plants
• Grandfathered old plants and required new plants to meet new standards

Q11. A lifecycle assessment helps avoid unintended consequences of a product, helps examine how a change will affect an entire system, and provides estimates of energy and climate change emission for certification purposes.

• True
• False

Q12. The pre-combustion stage (all the stages before combustion of a fuel) accounts for ______________ of the life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for a typical biofuel.

• About one quarter
• About one half
• About three quarters
• Nearly all

Q13. Which of the following are likely to be important sources of greenhouse gas emissions in a biofuel life cycle? (Choose all that apply)

• Fertilizers
• Diesel fuel
• Nitrous Oxide emissions from soils
• Co-product allocation

Q14. How does natural gas help combat climate change?

• Natural gas companies help promote decreasing global warming.
• Natural gas is a carbon neutral source of energy.
• Electricity generated using natural gas has much lower CO2 emissions compared to the same amount of electricity generated using coal.
• All of the above

Q15. What are examples of “demonstrated credibility”? (Choose all that apply)

• Reduction in Short-lived Climate Pollutants
• Reducing adverse health effects caused by soot
• Top-down, long-term emission reduction policy
• Ratifying the Kyoto Protocol

Q16. Choose the correct order of countries with net transfer of “embodied” carbon from least to most.

• United States, China, European Union, Japan, India
• India, China, United States, European Union, Japan
• China, India, Japan, United States, European Union
• European Union, United States, Japan, India, China

Q17. Indirect sources of emissions, such as land use change, are (Choose all that apply)

• Not included in California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard estimates for greenhouse gas (carbon) intensity
• Caused by diverting crops to biofuel production instead of food and feed
• Typically included in today’s life cycle greenhouse gas assessments of biofuels
• Not important for calculating the greenhouse gas (carbon) intensity of biofuels like U.S. corn ethanol and Brazilian sugarcane ethanol

Q18. California has been successful with its Greenhouse Gas reduction efforts because of its multi-law approach.

• True
• False

Q19. Part of the reason why renewable energy technology development has not been as successful as space exploration technology development in the U.S. is due to less government funding and policy incentives.

• False
• True

Q20. Which U.S. agency has historically led the adoption of new energy technologies?

• The Department of Energy
• The Energy Information Administration
• The Navy
• The White House

Our Energy Future Week 08 Quiz Answers

Final Exam Quiz Answers

Q1. The U.S. is expected to produce as much petroleum as it consumes by 2035.1 point

• True
• False

Q2. Approximately how many human metabolisms constitute the typical American’s demand for energy (how many “energy slaves”)?

• 10
• 3
• 100
• 1

Q3. Which of the following are realistically scalable renewable energy options? (Choose all that apply)

• Solar photovoltaic
• Food-to-ethanol
• Tidal
• Wind

Q4. What are some potential applications for superconductors? (Choose all that apply)

• Transportation
• Cable transmission
• Magnetic imaging
• Fusion reactor cooling

Q5. Which of the following are sources for biofuels? (Choose all that apply)

• Cyanobacteria
• Jatropha
• Green algae
• Fossilized algae

Q6. Why is corn used for ethanol production in the U.S.? (Choose all that apply)

• The U.S. already produces large amounts of corn
• Corn ethanol technology already existed
• Corn contains fermentable sugars
• Corn is a food crop

Q7. What is cellulosic ethanol?

• Ethanol made from starchy crops like corn and sugarcane through thermochemical processes
• Ethanol made from all non-food, lignocellulosic plant material using both biochemical and thermochemical processes
• Ethanol made food crops using biochemical processes
• Ethanol made using advanced technologies

Q8. What does rainbow-colored algae exemplify?

• Importance of bio-prospecting to choose valuable strains
• Algae’s susceptibility to contamination
• Genetic diversity of algae
• Genetic transformation is possible in algae to express desired traits

Q9. Environmental protection always hurts the economy because it regulates commercially profitable practices and does not show a productivity return on investment.

• True
• False

Q10. The majority of an able-bodied Tanzanian female’s time and effort is spent collecting water.

• True
• False

Q11. Renewable energy options are so attractive because they don’t have externalities.

• True
• False

Q12. What is Cap and Trade?

• Setting a price limit on fuel production in order to encourage trade among nations
• Increasing the net-profit cap of a company if it is able to produce fuel more efficiently
• Ability for a government to shut down and trade a firm’s assets if they exceed an emission cap
• Setting a limit on pollutants, requiring firms to buy emission permits, and allowing firms to trade emission permits when they reduce emissions

Q13. Fragmentation of international climate change law is one of the biggest reasons why change cannot be implemented.

• True
• False

Q14. Short-lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) make up the majority of global warming.

• True
• False

Q16. How does the Carbon Credit Pilot Project (C2P2) work?

• Individuals using clean stoves get carbon credit for decreasing carbon dioxide, which is monitored with the Project Surya mobile phone technology.
• Individuals who decrease their SLCP emissions with new clean cook stoves receive a carbon credit that makes the cook stoves cheaper and more likely to be adopted.
• Manufacturers of clean cook stoves receive carbon credit for each cook stove sold to encourage clean stove technology development.
• Individuals who emit SLCPs with dirty cook stoves have to buy carbon credit from those using clean stoves as penalty for polluting and to encourage the adoption of clean cook stoves.

Q17. Consumers have a fair amount of control over water-related energy use.

• True
• False

Q18. What are some of the negative effects of using biomass for cooking and heating in the developing world? (Choose all that apply)

• It causes negative health effects
• It reduces the biomass for food consumption
• Collecting fuel is laborious
• It leads to deforestation

Q19. What is the best definition of a lifecycle assessment?

• Technique to determine the developmental stages of an organism
• Technique that determines only the total monetary costs associated with a product.
• Technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life
• Technique to predict the lifespan of a product

Q20. Which of the following techniques is NOT a method that is currently used to harvest algae commercially?

• Titration
• Evaporation
• Flocculation
• Centrifugation

Q21. According to Dr. Pomeroy, what is the most important parameter of fuel for engines?

• Energy content
• Viscosity
• Flash point
• Water content

Q22. Where can we expect the majority of nuclear power growth to occur in the next few decades? (Choose all that apply)

• Europe
• U.S.
• China
• South America
• India

Q23. What is the difference between concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies?

• CSP relies on diffused irradiance and CPV relies on direct irradiance.
• CSP converts photons to electrons and CPV heats water into steam to generate electricity via a turbine.
• CPV concentrates heat on a receiver and CSP concentrates heat into oil in troughs.
• CPV converts photons to electrons and CSP heats water into steam to generate electricity via a turbine.

Q24. Biomass can be heated with steam in the temperature range 400-800 °C to produce solid, liquid and gaseous products. At what temperature are gases the primary product?

• 400 °C
• 500 °C
• 600 °C
• 800 °C

Q25. Which of the following is the most targeted biological tool?

• Genetic modification
• Breeding
• Bio-prospecting
• Synthetic biology

Q26. One challenge of implementing a renewable energy system in the U.S. is that U.S. states individually regulate their electric utilities and it is not the same across all states.

• True
• False

Q27. Jatropha has the potential to be a biofuel crop because:

• It is a plant that can be grown on marginal lands.
• It has a higher oil per acre yield than oil palm.
• It also provides a nutritious food option for developing countries.
• It has been developed from an elite germplasm since 1960.
• All of the above

Q28. Which of the following are naturally occurring molecules cyanobacteria produce for biofuels? (Choose all that apply)

• Amino acids
• Hydrocarbons
• Sugars
• Lipids

Q29. Which section of the wind-turbine blade is of greater importance when it comes to structural design challenges?

• Tip
• Root
• Nacelle
• Tower

Q30. Energy storage technology is necessary to increase effectiveness of renewable energy.

• True
• False

Q31. What is a microgrid?

• A group of interconnected energy loads and resources that is singularly controllable
• An energy controller in a community of no more than 1,000 homes
• An energy output regulator that integrates renewable energy into a smart grid
• A Home Area Network that optimizes smart appliances

Q32. What are some of the methods used to increase lipid production in diatoms? (Choose all that apply)

• Inhibit lipid catabolism
• Overexpress carbohydrate synthesis enzyme
• Overexpress triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme
• Knock down carbohydrate synthesis enzyme

Q33. Green algae and diatoms have the same metabolic systems.

• True
• False

Q34. What are the three key elements for conducting a Lifecycle Assessment?

• Impact assessment
• Life cycle inventory
• Goal definition and scope
• Interpretation
• Cost analysis
• Market value

Q35. Metabolic engineering of green algae for hydrocarbon biofuel production involves modifying the organism’s hydrogen pathway.

• True
• False

Q36. By using renewable energy to upgrade carbon dioxide to methane:

• Fossil fuel consumption can be displaced with a renewable combustible fuel.
• The existing natural gas grid can be used to store renewable energy from intermittent power sources.
• Biological waste from human and agricultural sources can be used to generate renewable natural gas as an energy carrier.
• Carbon dioxide from fermentation facilities or in biogas can be converted to methane identical to that found in natural gas.
• All of the above
• None of the above

Q37. What is black shale?

• Sediment that contains more than 5% organic matter that turns into crude oil
• Oil-rich bedrock found in North America and Europe
• A type of crude oil that is has low viscosity and high sulfur content
• None of the above

Q38. Which of the following are technologies that improve water efficiency in agriculture production? (Choose all that apply)

• Precision agriculture
• Land subsidence
• Biotechnology
• Contour/terraced farming

Q39. Why is there a dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico near Louisiana?

• Sewage from highly-populated Louisiana cities has been pumped into the gulf.
• There is not a dead zone in Louisiana.
• Multiple oil spills in the gulf have made the area uninhabitable for marine life.
• Agricultural runoff from the Mississippi River Drain Basin has caused eutrophication.

Q40. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his contributions to The Green Revolution?

• Norman Borlaug
• Charles Keeling
• Stephen Mayfield
• George Bissell
• None of the above

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